Appendix I- Acronyms. The turbine rotates at a speed that closely follows the electrical grid frequency. Among these the Wind energy has a vast potential and forms a reliable source for Generation as per its proven Track record. The wind turbine generating system employs squirrel cage induction generator in which the stator windings are directly connected to the three phase grid and rotor windings are short circuited. Figure 1. 2.2 Problem Identification However, a major drawback of this type of induction generator is voltage regulation. 3.1 Modeling of Squirrel Cage Induction Generator, CHAPTER 4 - Low Cost and reliability In case of the DC Machine electrical power is conveyed directly to the armature. 4.6 Harmonic Analysis Here the Primary (Stator) is stationary and the Secondary (Rotor) is free to rotate [9]. The active power, reactive power, terminal voltage and rotor speed was demonstrated with respect to time in the graphical form. - VAWTs can start-up at low wind speeds 4.4.2 Single L-G fault We (Flender GmbH) and certain third parties use cookies on this website. Turbine, Gearbox and a SCIG type machine, where the TABLE I Wind turbine is connected to a SCIG through a gearbox. Here the entire study is carried in MATLAB/ Simpower and the effects during and after the grid faults is also studied. Reliable and low-maintenance: troublefree operation in any climate zones also under severe conditions, Global and flexible application: available as version 50 Hz, 60 Hz or combined 50/60 Hz, Flexibility thanks to cooling options: open cooling IP34, air-/air- or air-/water-cooling. As on 31st Jan 2016 the total installed Capacity of overall Wind Power in India was 25188 MW. endstream endobj xref The author also proposes the use of Fixed Capacitors for the reactive Power Compensation. The rotor blades are spread till a maximum of 40m both considering the electrical and mechanical aspects. 3379 Abstract: The paper deals with squirrel cage induction generator connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter, which is driven by vector control. 6Z2;k5HDU"T]C=!7>x%oMx7C|OO The SCIG stator windings are connected to a full power converter (back to back). - Highly efficient topology. The Renewable energy sources have gained major importance due to the depletion of the conventional fuels in the future. This project is a research work carried in ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program), which is a Power System Simulation tool. - Proper Starting Mechanism to be employed for Synchronism The substation includes 12 squirrel cage induction generator wind turbine, rated at 330, 500 and 550 KW. The author proposes the use of the SCIG machines compared to the DFIG machines considering the Quality of Power delivered and High Power Output at Medium Wind Speeds which contributes to its High efficiency. In island operated applications, the squirrel cage induction generator has to be excited through external capacitors. on a whole. g(\B~E!. Harmonic analysis to determine the Quality of power being delivered and the Harmonic Filter design to mitigate the Harmonic content if any in excess.Reactive Power analysis which is important considering the stability of the system and a suitable Capacitor design for reactive Power compensation. trailer 2) The Wind farms should maintain a certain power factor limit as determined, 3) Reactive power Compensation should be of prime importance. The features of this type lie in the fact that the Generator and other components can be placed on the ground. The author gives the comparison in terms of performance of the two machines the DFIG and the SCIG. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. Appendix BT Types of Wind Turbines Type 1 (WT1G1): Limited Variable Speed Squirrel-cage Induction Generator (SCIG) connected directly to the step up transformer. The induction generator with a squirrel cage rotor is described and useful design techniques to build induction generators for wind energy application are outlined. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The distribution Voltage is represented by . In the paper The Impact of SCIG Wind Farm Connecting into a Distribution System by Ching-Yin Lee, Li-Chieh Chen, Shao-Hong Tsai, Wen-Tsan Liu and Yuan- Kang Wu in 2009 at IEEE Conference [12]. It is called a 'squirrel cage' motor because the rotor inside of it - known as a 'squirrel cage rotor' - looks like a squirrel cage. Description The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. It employs two power converters to convey the power generated to grid, the wind generators and the grid can be totally isolated hence the system could function under varying frequency and thus remain unaffected. The currents in the windings are unknown. This also suffered from peak overshoots and under shoots this causes serious problem to the distribution utility. The wind turbine concepts studied are: fixed-speed squirrel cage induction generator (FS-SCIG), wound rotor induction generator (WRIG) with variable rotor resis- tance (VRR), doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), and direct drive synchronous generator (DDSG). The 3rd stage is of the Grid Transmission which is associated with high Voltage . Moreover, there is drag issues associated when rotating into the wind. ET Thus this analysis is vital in determining the stability of distribution networks. Due to a simple mechanical and electrical design without brushes and slip rings, they are extremely compact and lightweight despite their high performance. startxref Fault Diagnosis of Squirrel Cage Induction Generator for Wind Turbine Applications Using a Hybrid Deep Neural Network and Decision Tree Approach Abstract: Phase-to-Phase Fault (PPF) and Phase-to-Ground Fault (PGF) are among common electrical faults in wind turbine generators. The 2nd stage as presented in the figure is of the distribution which handles the voltage of medium range. Telefon Support Montag - Freitag . Fig. Here the rotor slots are given a slight skew to reduce the magnetic locking and magnetic hum [9]. The author presents a dynamic analysis of a grid connected variable speed SCIG based wind energy conversion system. 6) The Harmonics associated with Power Quality are of prime concern and desired steps are to be taken. - Minimum Maintenance The comparison gives the superiority of each of these generators. The system consists of Pitch Control system, Wind Turbine and a Reactive Power Compensation. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor We consider a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor. 2.4 Objectives, CHAPTER 3 The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. The 1st stage is of the Wind Farm which usually handles the Low Voltage side. - Maintenance is easy as they are mounted nearer to the ground 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 167.24385 209.76422 Tm - Sensitivity to Faults J. Hossain, D. Cornforth , at the 11th International Conference on Environmental and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), IEEE 2012 [17], the author presents the impact of SCIG and the DFIG type wind turbine in distribution network under static and dynamic condition. The scheme also involves use of Gear box to adjust the slow rotation of the turbine into Fast and constant speed to drive the Generator. . Small scale Modern Wind Turbine uses several induction generator types: Hydropower Plants vs Thermal Power Plants | 5 Things You Need To Know About Hydropower Plants Over Thermal Power Plants, Drum Brakes Adjustment Tool | Hydraulic Drum Brakes | Drum Brakes Working | Drum Brakes vs Disc Brakes, Automobile Air Suspension System, 3 Basic Components, and Working, Hydraulic Brake System Of An Automobile | Components, Construction, And Working Of Hydraulic Braking System, Drum Brakes a Type of Mechanical Brake | Construction and Working of a Drum Brake System, Pneumatic Braking System In Automobile | Air Braking System | Construction And Working Of Pneumatic Braking System, Solar Powered Wind Turbine | Solar Wind Power Projects | A New Wind Turbine Design | A New Set Of Spinning Solar Blades, MARS Floating Wind Turbines | Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine | Lowest Cost Wind Energy Solution | How Floating Wind Turbine Works, Chain Drive | Introduction | Definition | Types | Application | How To Properly Tension Chain Drive | Chain Drive vs Belt Drive, Taper Turning Methods in Lathe Machine | 5 Basic Types of a Taper Turning Operation On Lathe Machine, AutoCAD Free Exercises Download | AutoCAD 2010 Free Exercises Download | AutoCAD Training Tutorials Lesson, Automobile Chassis | Basic Components of Chassis in an Automobile System, A Simple Guide To Interview Questions On Strength of Materials | 50 Collection Of Questions Commonly Asked in Mechanical Engineering Interview, Interview Questions On Fluid Mechanics | Mechanical Engineering Basics. The main types of Wind Generators presently in use are, B) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator. The construction and the technical design of the generator therefore have exactly the characteristics that are required in wind power industry. This rotor is a cylinder of steel laminations, with highly . This problem could be overcome by DFIG but it has its limitations in terms of power quality, cost and its frequency prone to system faults. The stator winding is connected directly to the grid and the rotor is driven by the wind turbine. Hn04q6DJV[=DB^{vk-{}5.67 N%+2[+xPV{oD!b>CZ@NVPn(ZzyGZ($yZ$zBo}CfKx6r[~~{d?OYQ,Y'# _ !19=S7iT5{ r!c7>Ro`b!r#gyir,&$1*, ydesg8R0GIQB yh5bJC"a;t?ZKJX yI `}gP/RpVe&K %cx2`LNm? - They are visible from large distances, they also possess a threat to the birds and opposition by native human beings. INTRODUCTION The wind is a free, clean, and inexhaustible energy source, being simply air in motion. Wind Turbine power can be determined by using, (1) P w t = 1 2 c p A v w 3. The results obtained were compared with the theoretical values and were found to be the same. - Recovery from low Voltage after a Fault The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. Please click on Allow all and continue to consent to our usage of cookies as described in the Cookie Notice in order to have the best possible experience on our websites. 0 5 Large Wind Farms have been set up to meet the energy demand globally. Description The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. The second solution simplifies the mechanical equipment, but requires regenerative 4Q frequency converters, offering excellent results. It is also capable of providing the reactive power to the grid which is its outstanding feature in the power flow. Due to a simple mechanical and electrical design without brushes and slip rings, they are extremely compact and lightweight despite their high performance. utilization of wind and micro-hydro-electric power plants. Table 1: The 3ph Induction Generator Data Table(1) Data of IG P = 6 Poles PF = 0.75 Ns = 1000 RPM Vph/L = 220/380 V S = 349.36 VA F = 50 Hz Iph = 1.588 A If driven by reaction type turbines, as for efficiency reasons, variable head and flow conditions can be dealt by constant speed induction generators combined with adjustable stator guide vanes and rotor blades, or by variable speed induction generators combined with fixed stator guide and rotor blades. The stator winding is connected directly to the grid and the rotor is driven by the wind turbine. Cookie Notice and further details. Here the system model is developed in MATLAB/ Simpower and comparison is made of active power with respect to the wind speeds and the superiority of the SCIG is found at low and medium wind speeds. A Type 1 wind turbine is characterized by a Squirrel-cage Induction Generator (SCIG), which is connected directly to the step up transformer. The reliability, best suited conditions and excellent performance of Wind Turbine Generators has made it a best choice in a place like India. - Capable of giving Reactive Power to the Grid 5.1 Conclusion 2.1 Literature Review The stator terminals are connected to the grid with the help of Converters, The Coupling Inductors are also provided to filter the high frequency ripples present due to frequent switching, a control strategy depending upon its best suitability is selected for its active and reactive power flow control [10]. Today India ranks fourth with respect to the largest installed Wind Power Capacity in the World. However, PMSG was preferred for efficiency, robustness, and reliability along with SCIG for its cost, reliability and efficiency. It was found that although DFIG was superior to Voltage stability but still it had significant power loss. The converter at the Grid side is used generally to keep up the Voltage at the dc link, to control the sending of active power to the grid and control of the reactive power flow [12]. - High cost of Power Converter Devices The size of the converter depends on the power rating of a wind turbine. The details regarding the types of cookies, their purpose and the third parties involved are described below and in our Cookie Notice. The recent past has witnessed a rapid increase in the energy demand globally. The grid side converter controls the DC Bus voltage and the reactive power. - The tower height (90m or more) ensures access to large wind speeds thus increasing the electrical power output, in general an increase in 10% Wind speed ensures almost 30% increase in electrical output. Along with the Voltage at POI and Voltage (per unit) with respect to time and the rated power, pitch angle and rotor speed, the same graphs are compared with using SVC and STATCOM. - Gear box requires frequent maintenance It is a tethered wind turbine with a Balloon system, which has a simple controlling system, relatively higher efficiency, and low-cost technology. The main Advantages of this type of generator involve: -, - Overall High efficiency Grid codes are governed by certain legal and technical considerations. The growth rate in India is increasing at a high rate compared to the Top 3 countries. The Double Output Induction Generator (DOIG) - so called because power is fed into the grid from the stator, as well as the rotor is described. - Yaw mechanism is not needed - Power Quality Issues The blades are fixed at some distance away ahead of the tower and the blades are also inclined for optimum wind speed. - Compatible with frequency range of 50- 60 Hz The modern techniques involve the use of wind sensors along with special purpose machines like the servo motors to move the turbine into the direction of the wind. The whole structure is in such a way that it offers less turbulence to wind. The project aims to develop a dynamic model, of a generation system of electrical energy with a variable speed wind turbine using a squirrel cage induction generator which is connected to the grid by a back to back frequency converter, for testing purposes. General System Scheme The wind turbine is the responsible for transforming wind power into kinetic energy. The Wind power generation depends mostly on the Wind speed, as the VAWT are nearer to the ground, the wind speed is lesser comparatively to an altitude nearer to 90m so the power generation is lesser. Active Power Output at various Wind Speeds, which presents the efficiency of the Wind Farm at various range of wind speeds. - Harmonic issues related to Wind Farms The WTG (Wind Turbine Generator) considered was a Type 2 Variable speed SCIG of 2.1 MW assigned in ETAP. In the project has been done an analysis of the mathematical equations of the whole system, It generates real power (P) when the turbine shaft rotates The rising demand of electricity and the environmental concern in the recent past necessities the need of renewable energy sources. The major giants in the wind sector include The United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France, Denmark, and The Netherlands in the continent of Europe. The 3-Phase to ground fault Simulation at a particular Bus in the system presents a Voltage variation in both the SCIG and DFIG machine. These parameters are monitored for Reactive Power compensation. The main Advantages of this type of Generator involve: -, - Its simple and ultimate rugged construction Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines abbreviated as (HAWT). This type is also prone to frequent maintenance and lesser useful life. Also it is found that the %THD of the DFIG system is more compared to SCIG at various wind speeds. Table.2.2 Voltage Withstand limits for Wind Farms. In the Year of 2014 alone the new installed capacity has been more than 49,832 MW. - Reactive Power in the System. Wind Power and Analysis of Squirrel Cage Induction Generator Based Wind Farm - Schnelle Lieferung Kostenloser Versand Unbegrenzter Rabatt. Till date the conventional means like The Coal, Diesel, Hydro and Nuclear were being used on a very large scale but today the world necessities the use and potential of the Renewable energy sources like the Geothermal, the Sun, Wind power, Tidal Energy etc. HypUOBVYBC2c ;#Tv$( Resembles the Line to Line Voltage of the distribution and is the phase current. 4.2 Load Flow Analysis In the paper Control and Dynamic Analysis of Grid connected variable speed SCIG based wind energy conversion systemby Manaullah, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Hemant Ahuja, G. Bhuvaneswari , at the 2012 Fourth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks [10]. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. - Low initial cost, - High cost of Power Converters 5.2 Future Scope, Chapter 6 As on 31st March 2015 the overall installed capacity of all the Power Plants in India was 267,637 MW [4]. Here the power is transferred inductively hence such machines are called as Induction Type Machines. The power converts are used to convert AC to DC and again DC to AC. The basic description of HAWT is that it has blades which spin on their Horizontal Axis. 1oil cooling system, 2 generator cooling system, 3 Transformer unit, 4 ultrasonic wind sensors, 5 Top controller with converter, 6 service crane, 7 Generator unit, 8-composite disc coupling, 9 yaw gears, 10 gearbox system, 11 parking brake system, 12 Machine Foundation, 13blade bearing, 14blade hub, 15 blade, 16 pitch cylinder, 17 hub controller. The Comparative study carried amongst STATCOM, SVC and Fixed Capacitors presents a better stability result obtained by use of STATCOM compared to the other fixed devices. This paper presents a simplified model of the induction generator which is driven by wind turbine and is connected to the grid. In this paper such a system is studied both by means of laboratory tests and by simulation. @-mJn&V y+S```ofOi.D\ G_7)=lg`p6wW? The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The modern wind turbine was invented by Nikola Tesla and Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky in the late 19th century, the Squirrel Cage Induction Machine can be successfully used as generator in small scale hydro applications. It is mentioned that the features of the SCIG that is the construction, efficiency, ruggedness, operation under varying wind speeds makes it an outstanding machine for wind power generation. Where the Wind turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is connected to the grid, and consists of a power converter which is represented in the Fig 1.8 below. Today in the industry most of the Machines which are used are Induction type, Induction Machines contribute to almost 90% of the machines in the industry only because of its features. In the paper Impact of SCIG and DFIG Type Wind Turbine on the Stability of Distribution Networks: static and dynamic Aspects by N. K. Roy, H. R. Pota,M. Hn04q6DJV[=DB^{vk-{}5.67 N%+2[+xPV{oD!b>CZ@NVPn(ZzyGZ($yZ$zBo}CfKx6r[~~{d?OYQ,Y'# _ !19=S7iT5{ r!c7>Ro`b!r#gyir,&$1*, ydesg8R0GIQB yh5bJC"a;t?ZKJX yI `}gPTi \8,qI~bEvDh K Before the actual commissioning of the Wind Farm on site, a wide range of analysis has to be carried in terms of simulation. So the Government of India is giving emphasis on the Renewable energy sources like the Wind and Solar, which was also strongly presented by India at the Paris Climate Summit held in December 2015. The turbine can be optimally adapted to the current wind conditions, resulting in a positive annual value. endstream endobj 9 0 obj<> endobj 10 0 obj<>stream Fossil fuel generation systems can be located near the source . Variable speed wind turbine using the squirrel cage induction generator with reduced converter power rating for stand-alone energy systems Abstract: This paper presents a new configuration for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) with variable speed, using a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) for stand-alone energy system applications. 4.5.1 Real Power Analysis during Single L-G fault In the paper Comparison of Power Quality in Different Grid-Integrated Wind Turbines by M.Q. The active power output at High Wind speeds, which is 8% more than the average wind speed, presents an increased Power Output. The squirrel cage induction generator does not require brushes. Keywords: Squirrel-Cage Induction Generator, Design Steps, Generator Parameters, Ant Colony Optimization. The concept of the design is to model the. - This type of structures can be implemented where taller structures are not permitted. Please select the Tab Content in the Widget Settings. Proper implementation of Grid code implies safe, secure, efficient, economic operation and proper functioning of the electric system.