(2021). Received 2021 Sep 24; Accepted 2021 Oct 26. All the three interactions among essential plant nutrients have been reported. It also presents longer-term remedies to some of the inherent problems of high volume applications of expensive fertilizer nutrients. In aerobic soils, Fe is found predominantly in the Fe+3 form, with extremely low solubility, which does not fulfills the plants iron requirement. Plant responses to the deficiency of N, P, S, Fe, or Zn have been studied mainly as a separate event, and only a few reports discuss the molecular basis of biological interaction among the nutrients. Proteomics dissection of plant responses to mineral nutrient deficiency. Besides, identification of the genes involved in the interactions between different nutrients (e.g., N, P, Fe, Zn, and/or Fe), their transport, and signaling in crop plants will help breeders/agronomists to develop alternate strategies for nutrient management in crops (Xie et al., 2019). Responses to systemic nitrogen signaling in. Among the many plant mineral nutrients, K stands out as a cation having the strongest influence on quality attributes. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help (2017). A major concern with nutrient accumulations on heavily manured soils is the potential for nutrient imbalances triggered by nutrient interactions both in the soil and in the plant. However, plants have evolved strategies to cope up with nutritional deficiencies. For example: Copper is a structural element in numerous proteins Essential for the photosynthesis process - plastocyanin is a copper protein that acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis. Front. Besides carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), plants require several essential mineral elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and others. Tabata R., Sumida K., Yoshii T., Ohyama K., Shinohara H., Matsubayashi Y. Elser et al. Pueyo J. J., Quiones M. A., Coba de la Pea T., Fedorova E. E., Lucas M. M. (2021). The multi-level study, integrating the transcriptome through enzymatic activities to the metabolome, helps to understand the strategies of a plant to reprogram metabolic pathways in response to the deficiency, resupply, sufficiency, and/or excessiveness of mineral nutrients. Potassium is an essential major nutrient for plant growth and development. All these elements interact in a direct and/or indirect manner. Pavlovic J., Kostic L., Bosnic P., Kirkby E. A., Nikolic M. (2021). 2019 Jun;24(6):542-552. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.008. A high-affinity copper (Cu) transporter COPT2 was reported to act as a key player in the interaction between P and Fe-deficiency signaling in Arabidopsis (Perea et al., 2013). We observed up-regulated expression of two sulfate transporters (LOC_Os01g52130 and LOC_Os06g05160) in rice, with higher expression in P-deficiency tolerant genotype, under P-starvation. In crop plants, the nutrient interactions are generally measured in terms of growth response and change in concentration of nutrients. The .gov means its official. Examples of this type of hydroponic systems includes NFT (nutrient film technique) systems and deep-water float systems where plant roots are set in nutrient solutions. Here are some of the most important interactions between nutrients. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Khan G. A., Bouraine S., Wege S., Li Y., de Carbonnel M., Berthomieu P., et al.. (2014). Medici et al. In relation to the translocation of some elements, like Fe, Cu and Mn, S deficiency can negatively affect it by limiting the biosynthesis of nicotianamine, a chelating agent linked to this process (Astolfi et al., 2021). The displayed data aggregates results As a new gardener starting out, understanding the elements and how plants absorb/consume them is critical for long term success. ; Yu et al.). Moreover, PHR1 was reported to be a central regulator of NIGT1 (Kiba et al., 2018). Adequate moisture will improve uptake of nutrients by diffusion and root interaction, and will increase organic matter decomposition . A plant nutrient may be considered essential if the life cycle of a diversity of plant species cannot be completed in the absence of the element. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are some of the vital nutrients required for optimum growth, development, and productivity of plants. . It also presents longer-term remedies to some of the inherent problems of high volume applications of expensive fertilizer nutrients. Advise taking folic acid supplements 1 hour before or 4-6 hours following drug intake. While an adequate supply of N positively affects the uptake of P (Smith and Jackson, 1987), P-starvation negatively affects N uptake and assimilation (Gniazdowska and Rychter, 2000). both involved in vital plant functions such as photosynthesis, protein formation, and symbi- otic N fixation. In particular, it happens due to soil salinization, a serious cause of nutrient deficiency in plants. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version, Choose from packages of 10, 20, and 30 tokens, Can use on articles across multiple libraries & subject collections. However, some general findings from this review are important to know and . Expression of SPX1, SPX2, and SPX4 was reported to be repressed in response to N supplementation in Arabidopsis and rice (Kiba et al., 2018; Ueda et al., 2020). -, Garca M. J., Lucena C., Romera F. J. Kant S., Peng M., Rothstein S. J. However, most interactions are complex. Integrated studies on pathways interactions/cross-talks between macro and micro-nutrients in the agronomically important crop plants would be essential for sustainable agriculture around the globe, particularly under the changing climatic conditions. The perspective article is devoted to describing new approaches based on computational analysis to predict interactions between proteins related to different elements (Di Silvestre et al.). Phosphate/zinc interaction analysis in two lettuce varieties reveals contrasting effects on biomass, photosynthesis, and dynamics of Pi transport. New interactions are described in this Research Topic, like the uptake of vanadium mediated by sulfate transporters whose expression was stimulated during S deprivation (Courbet et al.). National Library of Medicine Download full books in PDF and EPUB format. Maruyama-Nakashita A., Nakamura Y., Yamaya T., Takahashi H. (2004). Limited reports are available on the investigation of two-by-two or multi-level nutrient interactions in plants. (2021) reported the involvement of phytohormone ethylene (ET) in the regulation of crosstalk between P, S, or Fe deficiency. The nutrient uptake refers to the process of nutrient movement from an external environment into a plant. In other cases, a scarce element can be substituted by another element of similar characteristics. When a plant's uptake by one nutrient increases with the content of another, the interaction is considered to be positive, and the nutrients are synergists. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. The NH 3 resulting from fixation can be transported into plant tissue and incorporated into amino acids, which are then made into plant proteins. An official website of the United States government. Excessive Zn was reported to cause Fe deficiency because of decreased IRT1 protein in Arabidopsis root (Connolly et al., 2002) due to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IRT1 (Kerkeb et al., 2008; Barberon et al., 2011). In many publications, the effects on concentrations, or accumulation in plants, is used as the main parameter to assess nutrient interactions (Gunes, Alpaslan, and Inal 1998). Additionally, non-essential elements, like Si, can affect the homeostasis of essential elements (Pavlovic et al., 2021), and vice versa (Chaiwong et al. Repression of nitrogen starvation responses by members of the, Molecular mechanisms of regulation of sulfate assimilation: first steps on a long road, Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions in plants: from agronomic to physiological and molecular insights. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Department of Agronomy , Rajasthan Agricultural University , Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur, 302018, India, /doi/full/10.1081/PLN-100106981?needAccess=true. eCollection 2019. Zhang J., Jiang F., Shen Y., Zhan Q., Bai B., Chen W., et al.. (2019). Before Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. Similarly, if adding Expand View on Taylor & Francis Save to Library A., Gholami A. M., Bauer A., Fellenberg K., et al.. (2010). Schematic representation of the macro and micro-nutrient homeostasis. Interactions between nutrients can be assessed by examining both the relationship between . Epub 2021 Nov 27. One element can participate in compounds or proteins involved in key processes related to others [i.e., S-containing metabolites participate in the synthesis of ethylene and phytosiderophores, which are in turn implicated in Fe uptake (Astolfi et al., 2021); a multicopper oxidase participates in Fe translocation (Bernal and Kramer, 2021)]. Most growers, grow after grow, become much better at understanding their plants and their needs. FOIA In Arabidopsis, double mutations for phr1 phl1 altered Fe distribution and expression of Fe-related genes (Bournier et al., 2013; Briat et al., 2015). Sulfur regulates the trade-off between growth and andrographolide accumulation via nitrogen metabolism in. -. Large expression differences in genes for iron and zinc homeostasis, stress response, and lignin biosynthesis distinguish roots of. Such studies on the nutrient interaction pathways suggest that an MYB-like transcription factor, phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1), acts as a master regulator of N, P, S, Fe, and Zn homeostasis. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis using. Rouached H., Secco D., Arpat A. OsPHR3 affects the traits governing nitrogen homeostasis in rice. Besides carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), plants require 14 essential mineral elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), chlorine (Cl) and boron (B) (Marschner, 2012). Upon addition of two nutrients, a increase in crop yield that is more than adding only one, the interaction is positive (synergistic). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. crosstalk; mineral nutrition; nutrient; nutrient acquisition; nutrient deficiency responses; nutrient interactions. A miRNA involved in phosphate-starvation response in. Moreover, loss of functions of COPT2 aggravates the P-starvation responses in Arabidopsis. Deficiency of micro-element results in certain physiological disorders impacting plant growth, development, and productivity. Interactions of silicon with essential and beneficial elements in plants. Yellowing of leaves is a symptom of nutrient deficiency produced by a . plant nutrients, in the soil or at the root zone. Plants, like other living organisms, require the concurrence of different elements both to synthesize their cell constituents and for adequate metabolism. Nitrogen. PHR1 is one of the important regulators of P-deficiency responses, but other regulators like WRKY45/75, ZAT6, MYB62, PTF1, and bHLH32 have also been reported. Although the interactions among nutrients are frequently described at the level of nutrient acquisition, the knowledge about the mechanisms enabling such crosstalk is far from complete. They can have a positive or negative influence on plant nutrition and consequently also on the yield and quality of the harvested products. The two nutrients, often ions with the same charge, are said to be antagonistic with regard to the other. Nutrient interactions in plants and soils. Many growers who field-apply cattle manure are concerned about Zn deficiencies caused by high levels of P. Phosphorus and Zn interactions have been extensively . pH conditions in the root zone determine availability of certain ions for uptake and water stress or high . Nitrogen is a major constituent of several of the most important plant substances. Shoot-to-root mobile polypeptides involved in systemic regulation of nitrogen acquisition. Such interactions have been partially understood at physiological and molecular levels, the intricate nutritional cross-talks need to be extensively studied to maximize crop productivity. This knowledge is also necessary to obtain more efficient genotypes in the acquisition of the different nutrients. Biological interactions have not only been detected between N and P, but P and micro-nutrients (Fe and Zn) have also been reported in plants (Bouain et al., 2014b; Briat et al., 2015), which would be very important to maximize crop yield, particularly on marginal lands under the changing climatic conditions (Kumar, 2020). Ultrastructural alterations in response to zinc and nickel stress in the root cells of pigeonpea. PHR1 also acts as a central regulator of sulfate transport (SULTR1;3, SULTR2;1, and SULTR3;4). (2019). van de Mortel J. E., Almar V. L., Schat H., Kwekkeboom J., Coughlan S., Moerland P. D., et al.. (2006). N-related long-distance signaling involves cytokinin biosynthesis, C-terminal encoded peptide (CEP), and glutaredoxins (Tabata et al., 2014; Ohkubo et al., 2017; Poitout et al., 2018). This Research Topic updates recent results showing the interactions between different essential mineral nutrients, and also between essential and non-essential ones. Annu. We observed up-regulated expression of Fe2+ transporter genes in roots and shoots of the tolerant rice (NIL-23) genotype, whereas down-regulated expression of the transporters was observed in the sensitive (Pusa-44) genotype under P-starvation stress. crosstalk, mineral nutrition, nutrient, nutrient acquisition, nutrient deficiency responses, nutrient interactions. Review on iron availability in soil: interaction of Fe minerals, plants, and microbes. Interaction between sulfur and iron in plants, Involvement of Arabidopsis multi-copper oxidase-encoding LACCASE12 in root-to-shoot iron partitioning: a novel example of copper-iron crosstalk. Misson J., Raghothama K. G., Jain A., Jouhet J., Block M. A., Bligny R., et al.. (2005). 8600 Rockville Pike Owing to the Haber-Bosch process, N availability is considered to be virtually infinite but the global P reserves are becoming scarce for agriculture in the 21st century. PHO2 expression is down-regulated in response to +N by NIGT1/HHOs and CHL1/NRT1.1. An MYB family transcription factor PHR1 acts as a common regulator of P, Fe, and Zn homeostasis, and functions as an integrator of multiple nutrient signals (Briat et al., 2015). PHO2, microRNA399, and PHR1 define a phosphate-signaling pathway in plants, The galvanization of biology: a growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. The preferred range for soil pH in Florida citrus production with HLB-affected trees is 5.8-6.5. Careers, Edited by: Ping Lan, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China, Reviewed by: Matthew John Milner, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), United Kingdom; Rumen Ivanov, Heinrich Heine University of Dsseldorf, Germany, This article was submitted to Plant Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science. Plant nutrition, Nutrient interactions, Nutrient crosstalk, Nutrient efficiency, Homeostasis. (2000). Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) The rest of the primary nutrients for plants are nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. It is also an essential constituent of chlorophyll. PMC legacy view The interactions between phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) homeostasis are indicated by arrows. Interplay between silicon and iron signaling pathways to regulate silicon transporter Lsi1 expression in rice. Silicon in plant biology: from past to present, and future. A new class of plant lipid is essential for protection against phosphorus depletion. Most nutrients usually work together, but this is not always the case. In nature, many plants rely on symbiotic interaction with mycorrhizae for their nutrition and survival. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Although a large number of elements are naturally available in the soil, 17 elements are currently known to be important for the proper growth and development of crop plants. Whether these responses have an underlying signaling or nutritional basis is a topic of debate. Gene expression in plants under P-deficiency/starvation is determined by the presence/absence of Fe (Misson et al., 2005; Thibaud et al., 2010). As nutrient-nutrient interactions are relevant to scientists, food industry partners, clinicians and health care practitioners, the conference emphasised the translational value that research findings in this field hold for stakeholders, with a broad stance covering topics from food and food formulation to mechanisms of nutrient-nutrient . For instance, P deficiency, through organic acid release and rhizosphere acidification, can promote the mobilization of other nutrients, like Fe or Zn (Pueyo et al., 2021). Bournier M., Tissot N., Mari S., Boucherez J., Lacombe E., Briat J. F., et al.. (2013). ; D'Oria et al. Epub 2019 Apr 18. Giehl R. F., Meda A. R., von Wirn N. (2009). Ethylene and nitric oxide involvement in the regulation of Fe and P deficiency responses in dicotyledonous plants. ; Zhang C. et al. Wasaki J., Yonetani R., Kuroda S., Shinano T., Yazaki J., Fujii F., et al.. (2003). 2019 Aug 29;70(17):4461-4476. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz129. 10.3389/fpls.2021.687954 (2021). Elser J. J., Bracken M. E. S., Cleland E. E., Gruner D. S., Harpole W. S., Hillebrand H., et al.. (2007). Z., Wang F. Z., Wang S. M., Ma Q. Fan X., Zhou X., Chen H., Tang M., Xie X. Leskova A., Giehl R. F. H., Hartmann A., Fargasova A., von Wiren N. (2017). Astolfi S., Celletti S., Vigani G., Mimmo T., Cesco S. (2021). Effects and interactions of phosphorus and sulphur on a mown white clover/ryegrass sward 1. Analysis of the root system architecture of. will also be available for a limited time. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed more than 500 overlapping genes regulated by both P and Fe-deficiency in roots of rice and Arabidopsis (Zheng et al., 2009; Li and Lan, 2015). The involvement of OsPHO1;1 in the regulation of iron transport through integration of phosphate and zinc deficiency signaling. Its use is . These elements interact in direct or indirect ways. topic views. The combinations of high-throughput Omics and reverse genetics approaches have resulted in the characterization of genes involved in the interactions between multiple nutrients homeostasis. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Additionally, there are other mineral elements that are not essential for all plant species but can be beneficial for some, like sodium (Na) or silicon (Si). ); four of them are about the interactions among many nutrients, such as ionome-macronutrients, ionome-micronutrients, ionome-N (Courbet et al. The regulatory role of PHR1 has been documented based on two-by-two interactions of some of the nutrient elements like P and S, P and Fe, P and Zn. The secondary nutrients - calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) - are just as vital to plant growth and development, though they are required in lesser amounts than the macros. On the one hand, nutrient interaction at the . Upon addition of two nutrients, a increase in crop yield that is more than adding only one, the interaction is positive (synergistic). Copper is an essential plant nutrient, classified as a micronutrient. Nitrate transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 plays an essential role in regulating phosphate deficiency responses in. When plants absorb nutrients from the soil, interactions occur. The Front. When in the form . will also be available for a limited time. Only plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria are capable of S assimilation (taking up the inorganic-sulfate from the soil, reducing it to sulfide and synthesize various biomolecules; Davies et al., 1996; Maruyama-Nakashita et al., 2004; Koprivova and Kopriva, 2014). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the While Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potash (K), Calcium, Sulfur (S), and Magnesium are known as macro-nutrients (required in comparatively larger amounts), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper, Boron, Manganese Molybdenum, Chloride, and others are the micro-nutrients (required in a smaller quantity) for the growth and development of crop plants. Front. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Besides, PHO1;H3 is repressed by sufficient Zn supply, and the PHR1 and PHO1 proteins help to maintain the PiZn homeostasis cross-talk. An official website of the United States government. Interactions between nutrients in higher plants occur when the supply of one nutrient affects the absorption, distribution or function of another nutrient. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Great hydroponic nutrient management occurs when growers are; Therby-Vale R, Lacombe B, Rhee SY, Nussaume L, Rouached H. Trends Plant Sci. Pathways and regulation of sulphur metabolism revealed through molecular and genetic studies. Root uptake regulation: a central process for NPS homeostasis in plants. Would you like email updates of new search results? Bouain N., Kisko M., Rouached A., Dauzat M., Lacombe B., Belgaroui N., et al.. (2014b). The involvement of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic marks (Wang et al., 2016; Kumar et al., 2018; Kumar and Mohapatra, 2021) in regulating nutrient interactions is yet to be explored. Mineral nutrient signaling controls photosynthesis: focus on iron deficiency-induced chlorosis. The goal is to have the right soil pH range for nutrient uptake. However, our current understanding of the molecular basis of such interaction is still elusive. Thus, evidence suggests that N availability modulates phosphorus starvation responses (Rufty et al., 1990; Kant et al., 2011; Liang et al., 2015; Medici et al., 2019). Peng M., Hannam C., Gu H., Bi Y. M., Rothstein S. J. Goal: Plant nutrient deficiencies can inhibit yield and crop quality, especially where fertilizers are unaffordable or unavailable. . Water evaporates out of the stomata, lowering . Rufty T. W., Mackown C. T., Israel D. W. (1990). Ethylene and Phloem Signals Are Involved in the Regulation of Responses to Fe and P Deficiencies in Roots of Strategy I Plants. More importantly, the effect of N-deficiency is less important for plants under P-deficiency. Interactions of Silicon With Essential and Beneficial Elements in Plants 224 Sulfur Regulates the TradeOff Between Growth and Andrographolide Accumulation via Nitrogen Metabolism in Andrographis. (2017) reported enhanced uptake of Zn to mimic Fe-deficiency by high ferric-chelate reductase activity, not due to Zn-inhibited Fe uptake but Zn-simulated transcriptional response of Fe-regulated genes. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Accessibility FJR and RPV were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-097935-B-I00), the Spanish State Research Agency, through the Severo Ochoa and Mara de Maeztu Program for Centers and Units of Excellence in R&D (Ref. PMC legacy view Conversely, when one nutrient. Important Note: nutrient homeostasis, nutrient interaction, nutrient pathways interaction, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, zinc, P-Fe-Zn tripartite interaction, Effects of N, P, K and S on metabolism: new knowledge gained from multi-level analysis, Interaction effect of sulphur and phosphorus on growth and nutrient content of moong (. FOIA ; Garca et al. Plant Sci. The Mulder's chart represents the interaction between 11 of the essential plant elements. Interactions, Plant-Plant In plant communities each plant might interact in a positive, negative, or neutral manner. (2011). Pant B. D., Musialak-Lange M., Nuc P., May P., Buhtz A., Kehr J., et al.. (2009). As Fig. After reading this article you will learn about the 3 Mechanisms of Nutrient Uptake in Plants. eCollection 2021. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of iron and phosphorus interaction in rice seedlings. Duplicate and conquer: multiple homologs of phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 enhance phosphorus acquisition and sorghum performance on low-phosphorus soils, Effect of different phosphorus and sulfur levels on nitrogen fixation and uptake by chickpea (, Signaling pathways underlying nitrogen-dependent changes in root system architecture: from model to crop species. ; Zhang J. et al. Krouk G., Ruffel S., Gutirrez R. A., Gojon A., Crawford N. M., Coruzzi G. M., et al.. (2011). Reports on interactions between multiple nutrient elements suggest that they affect uptake, transport, or assimilation of each other. Franco-Zorrilla J. M., Gonzalez E., Bustos R., Linhares F., Leyva A., PazAres J. downloads Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. In crop plants, the nutrient interactions are generaly measured in terms of growth response and change in concentration of nutrients. However, the basics of the cross-talk between P-, Fe-, Zn and S-deficiency signaling in plants remain to be elucidated. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Transcriptomic analysis of metabolic changes by phosphorus stress in rice plant roots, To control and to be controlled: understanding the, Functional analysis of the cysteine synthase protein complex from plants: structural, biochemical and regulatory properties. Signaling factors, including phytohormones and miRNAs, were reported to be the important players in the N and P interactions. Limited reports are available on the investigation of two-by-two or multi-level nutrient interactions in plants. Recently, Brumbarova and Ivanov (2019) reported the involvement of three transcriptional regulators (HY5, PIF4, and the NF-Y complex) in modulating nutrient responses in Arabidopsis. With their unique mixes of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! This suggests that PHR1 and PHL1 might be involved in integrating P and Fe nutrient signaling. ); and one is devoted to the substitution of K by Na (Mateus et al.). Similarly, Zn is required for optimum plant growth, as it influences several biological processes including cell proliferation, carbohydrate metabolism, and P-Zn interactions (Rehman et al., 2012). Chemical interactions can enhance or interfere with the uptake of some elements based on the concentration of other elements and whether they are synergistic or Plants often directly or indirectly alter the availability of resources and the physical habitat around them. Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes related to phosphorus starvation tolerance in sorghum, Effects of Zn deficiency and bicarbonate on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of four plant species. Identification of the important candidate genes for interactions between N, P, S, Fe, and/or Zn metabolic pathways might be useful for the breeders to improve nutrient use efficiency and yield/quality of crop plants. Below is a list of elements that cause interactions with others if the ratio is not in synergy: N Excess . Briat J. F., Rouached H., Tissot N., Gaymard F., Dubos C. (2015). Interestingly, the genes involved in the replacement of phospholipids with sulfolipids under P-deficiency in plants (SQD1 and SQD2) contain a PHR1 binding sequence (P1BS) in the promoter and get induced by P-deficiency (Franco-Zorrilla et al., 2004; Stefanovic et al., 2007). These transcriptional regulators play important role in light signaling and modulate global transcriptome to adjust nutrient availability. 12:688318. The interaction between Pi and Zn shows nicely how a deficiency in one element (herein Zn) can cause overaccumulation of the other ion (herein Pi). (2021). (2013). Medici A., Marshall-Colon A., Ronzier E., Szponarski W., Wang R., Gojon A., et al.. (2015). Nitrogen is one of the nutrients essentially required for the vegetative growth of crop plants as it is needed for the synthesis of starch in leaf, production of amino acids for protein synthesis, and thus yield of the crop. Under P-starvation, expression of FER1 (encoding Fe storage protein ferritin), NAS3, and YSL8 genes (responsible for Fe homeostasis) are induced (Bustos et al., 2010; Bournier et al., 2013).