The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development. Till now we have discussed that people in different parts of Europe wanted to have Liberal nationalism in their countries. Answer: Sphygmology . Political Science: List of resources for MA Political Science:-. The syllabus provided in the JNU prospectus is divided into three units basically. The bombers were stripped of all usable parts and chopped into five pieces by a 13,000-pound steel blade dropped from a crane. They will also have to lower their existing exposures in excess of the revised limits by ______? [55] According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes," which are not strictly related to a change of ruling powers. Ethics in the Vedas are based on the concepts of Satya and Rta. Three wars were fought in the time span of seven years with Austria, Denmark, and France. For Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair or weighing scales. Gupta society was ordered in accordance with Hindu beliefs. The Joint Chiefs of Staff assessment of those situations determined the risk of a significant violation of the treaty to be within acceptable limits. Status: Covered On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives joined at Frankfurt Parliament that was convened in the Church of St. Paul. Video Explanation of Lesson The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Part 2. These schools also edited the Vedic mantra portions into fixed recensions, that were to be preserved purely by oral tradition over the following two millennia. More focus should be given to Marx and the social contract theorists- Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, J.S. [2][3], The START proposal was first announced by US President Ronald Reagan in a commencement address at his alma mater, Eureka College, on 9 May 1982,[4] and presented by Reagan in Geneva on 29 June 1982. It has been observed that these kinds of questions are frequently asked in the UPSC,Banking /SSC exams. In the year 1848, food shortage and the increasing problem of unemployment resulted in demonstrations by the peasants in Paris. https://affairscloud.com/current-affairs-quiz-december-25-26-2019/, 22.Which bank will be the lead bank convenor in Jammu and Kashmir ? [131] The term rta is also known from the Proto-Indo-Iranian religion, the religion of the Indo-Iranian peoples prior to the earliest Vedic (Indo-Aryan) and Zoroastrian (Iranian) scriptures. Karol used to celebrate the national struggle through his operas and music.
Congress Purpose Congress of Vienna Status: Covered [112][113][114], Their religion was further developed when they migrated into the Ganges Plain after c. 1100 BCE and became settled farmers,[86][115][116] further syncretising with the native cultures of northern India. Political Theory An Introduction Most IMP Chapters to read: (special focus on Rawls and the critics of Rawls). [163][164][165][web 8], In early centuries CE several schools of Hindu philosophy were formally codified, including Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva-Mimamsa and Vedanta.[166]. Part I", "Orientalism and the Modern Myth of "Hinduism", History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, "The Dravidian Contribution to the Development of Indian Civilization: A Call for a Reassessment", "THE FORMATION RATHER THAN THE ORIGIN OF A TRADITION", "The prehistory of Orientalism: Colonialism and the Textual Basis for Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg's Account of Hinduism", "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state", Other sources: the process of "Sanskritization", Arthur Llewellyn Basham, "Hinduism The Bhagavad Gita", "Mayavada and Buddhism Are They One and the Same? Akbar's imperial expansion acquired many Hindu states, many of whom were Hindu Rajputs, through vassalage. One such attempt of collecting folk tales was done by the Grimm brothers who had collected various folk tales by traveling to various places. (aa) is the Avestan language term corresponding to Vedic language ta. The royal flag was replaced by a new tricolor flag. [173] The position of the Brahmans was reinforced,[171] the first Hindu temples dedicated to the gods of the Hindu deities, emerged during the late Gupta age. On 3rd October 2022, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) elevated its stake to 7.7% from 5.65% in an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd (DRL). The kingdom, along with Old Kedah settlement, are probably the earliest territorial footholds founded on the Malay Peninsula. Answer: The Great Himalayan Range . This led to various movements by women and non-propertied men demanded equal political rights. World Space Week 2022 October 4-10The United Nations (UN)s World Space Week (WSW) is annually observed across the globe from 4th to 10th October to celebrate the contributions of space science and technology to the betterment of the human condition. They had also formed their own political associations and newspapers. The Himalayas are formed of parallel fold ranges of which the oldest range? American Institute of Physics Publishing. on who said what in textual reading, and clarity on terminologies. [161] Most of the basic ideas and practices of classical Hinduism derive from the new smriti literature. Ans: 8707 crore. The contractor fled with his family to a nearby village where he was not given shelter by anyone. They demanded the nation-state based on parliamentary principles with a constitution, freedom of the press, and freedom of association. Top. Following this many people, for example, the clergy in Poland began to use the Polish language as their weapon of resistance against the Russians. According to Embree, several other religious traditions had existed side by side with the Vedic religion. An open mantapa with yali columns at the Vittala temple in Hampi, The Bhakti (devotional) movement was active during this time, and involved well known Haridasas (devotee saints) of that time. They were not aiming to follow the idea of imperialism.
Congress and Home Rule Movement(1907-1918 Sher Shah Suri, the Afghan ruler of North India was comparatively non-repressive. The Polish language was stopped. iii.The scheme will be implemented by the National Book Trust (NBT), India under MoE. [95] Interpretations vary as to the exact signification of these artifacts, or even the culture and the periodization to which they belonged. ii.In August 2022, both the Urban UR and Rural UR spiked to 9.6% and 7.7%, respectively. Soma is both an intoxicant and a god itself, as is the sacrificial fire, Agni. In Europe the new middle class saw liberalism as freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. [242], Several scholars suggest that the historical fame and cultural influence of Shankara and Advaita Vedanta was inetentionally established during this period. Western political thought by Shefali Jha. Later on when Napoleon came into power and he introduced Napoleonic code in 1804, the right of suffrage was limited back to few members of society. And as we can see that the syllabus provided by JNU is not very detailed. The main objectives of Wildlife Week: World Animal Day 2022 October 4World Animal Day (WAD) is annually observed across the globe on October 4 to create awareness about improving animal welfare standards across the world.
START I Understanding and remembering certain provisions of the Indian Make sense of the news with our daily explainers on a range of topics. Such sharp supply cuts, driven by the desire to maintain prices, will offset the release of strategic oil reserves that was designed to bring down the price of oil and help consumers at a time when inflation has surged across the world. Various artists and writers also supported the Greek struggle against the Muslim empire. The word liberalism is derived from the Latin word liber, which means free. Reforms, 1919, Government of India Act, 1935, British Education Policy and Growth of Modern, The Hunter Commission (1882-1883), Indian Press. [235], The image, in the chapter on India in Hutchison's Story of the Nations edited by James Meston, depicts the Muslim Turkic general Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's massacre of Buddhist monks in Bihar, India. They started curbing down the activities against them. The twelve Alvars who were Vaishnavite devotees and the sixty-three Nayanars who were Shaivite devotees nurtured the incipient bhakti movement in Tamil Nadu. To make the people aware of the importance of wildlife conservation. for MCQs is advised for, https://www.interviewtreasury.com/2020/10/google-drive-and-mega-cloud-link-for-free-study-material.html, Mishra And Puri Indian Economy Latest Edition PDF Free Download For UPSC RBI NABARD, The Globalization of World Politics Latest Edition PDF Free Download. Finally in 1801 Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom. Status: Covered After the OPEC+ meeting in Vienna, Timipre Sylva, the Nigerian minister of state for petroleum resources, is reported to During the 12th century CE in Karnataka, the Bhakti movement took the form of the Virashaiva movement. However, a reversal in prices will increase the cost of oil imports, exerting pressure on the current account deficit. Chairperson-Mangalam Ramasubramanian Kumar [212] Until the 11th century, Vedanta itself was a peripheral school of thought,[213] and until the 10th century Shankara himself was overshadowed by his older contemporary Maana Mira, who was considered to be the major representative of Advaita. Powers like Russia, Germany, England, and Austro-Hungary were keen on establishing their own power over the Balkans. https://affairscloud.com/current-affairs-august-31-2019/, 45.Universal Sompo General Insurance Company launched the Super Health care policy with which bank____? One such revolution was the educated middle classes of the European countries. From then on Prussia emerged as a powerful leader that unified Germany. From the 5th to the 13th century, South-East Asia had very powerful Indian colonial empires and became extremely active in Hindu and Buddhist architectural and artistic creation. MD & CEO VibhaPadalkar He was associated more than any other deity with Soma, a stimulant drug (perhaps derived from Ephedra) probably borrowed from the BMAC religion. Perceiving the changing multiplicity of forms and objects as the final reality is regarded as maya, "illusion," obscuring the unchanging ultimate reality of brahman. The Aravidu dynasty successors ruled the region but the empire collapsed in 1614, and the final remains ended in 1646, from continued wars with the Bijapur Sultanate and others. [8], In addition to the costs of implementing the treaty, the US also aided to the former Soviet republics by the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (Nunn-Lugar Program), which added $591 million to the costs of implementing the START I program in the former Soviet Union, which would almost double the cost of the program for the US. These groups had their own culture and political traditions. As we have already read that Giuseppe Mazzini, one of the great revolutionaries of Italy had tried to unify Italy during the 1830s. [22], On 4 May 2009, the US and Russia began the process of renegotiating START and of counting both nuclear warheads and their delivery vehicles in making a new agreement. Field report: Why farmers are still burning stubble despite machines bein November 4, 1982, Forty Years Ago: No Presidents Rule, A message to Twitter titans: Take a sabbatical from Musks Twitter, What the chip industry and the petroleum sector have in common, Despite challenges created by the Ukraine conflict, Germany will not back away from its climate commitments. ii.It offers products and services including Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), generics, branded generics, biosimilars and over-the-counter pharmaceutical products across the world. Answer: Arundhati Roy . This pattern changed in the eighth century. Garibaldi led his volunteer forces in 1860 into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to remove the Spanish Rulers (Bourbon). There is also a separate limit of 700 deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and deployed heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments which is less than half the corresponding strategic nuclear delivery vehicle limit imposed in the previous treaty. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu[270] in the south, to Peshawar, present day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa[271] [note 44]) in the north, and Bengal in the east. [252], Market place at Hampi and the sacred tank located near the Krishna temple, Stone temple car in the Vitthala Temple at Hampi. Member States 195
Vienna 2. ii.The projects will benefit a total of 3.80 lakh students, including 3.5 lakh new enrolment, in over 3,500 villages. [44][note 9] Hinduism co-existed for several centuries with Buddhism,[45] to finally gain the upper hand at all levels in the 8th century. A Short History of Religious and Philosophic Thought in India, Divine Life Society. https://affairscloud.com/current-affairs-quiz-december-31-2019/, 5.Who is the awardee of the Nobel prize for literature 2019? The fall of Vijayanagara Empire to Muslim rulers had marked the end of Hindu imperial defences in the Deccan. [96] After 1100 BCE, with the introduction of iron, the Indo-Aryan tribes moved into the western Ganges Plain, adapting an agrarian lifestyle. The Gupta established a strong central government which also allowed a degree of local control. https://affairscloud.com/current-affairs-quiz-december-30-2019/, 25.Hemant Soren has been appointed as the chief minister of which state? The key reason behind this decline is higher financing cost and weaker public expenditures. Mazzinis aim was to unify Italy. A major event that served for inculcating the nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence. NOTE:- Fewer questions appear in the paper from this area. [12][pageneeded], Negotiations that led to the signing of the treaty began in May 1982. [web 3], Some Indus valley seals show swastikas, which are found in other religions worldwide. iv.India handed over a vessel procured with the financial support of the Indian government under the Maldives Correctional Service in a ceremony held at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [137] The emphasis on ritual and the dominant position of Brahmans developed as an ideology developed in the Kuru-Pancala realm, and expanded into a wider realm after the demise of the Kuru-Pancala realm. The book Diplomatic Encounter has been written by which author? [86][99] It was a tribal union, which developed into the first recorded state-level society in South Asia around 1000 BCE. The empty string is the special case where the sequence has length zero, so there are no symbols in the string. He introduced many reforms in the areas under his control. The decision will come into effect from November this year. The increased tensions came despite the warming of relations between the US and Russia in the two years since Obama had taken office. There is significant variation in the language and style between the family books (RV books 27), book 8, the "Soma Mandala" (RV 9), and the more recent books 1 and 10. The total amount allocated for this project was 8 million Rufiyaa. It's easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and 100% free! Aspirants should by-now know about the important points of Vienna Convention which can be asked in UPSC Prelims 2022. science, apart from looking at the essential characteristics of the Ans: Maximum limit: Rs. Key Points: He expressed willingness "to make new steps in the sphere of disarmament" but said that he was waiting for the US to abandon attempts to "surround Russia with a missile defense ring" in reference to the placement of ten interceptor missiles in Poland and accompanying radar in the Czech Republic. [18], On 17 March 2009, Medvedev signaled that Russia would begin "large-scale" rearmament and renewal of Russia's nuclear arsenal.
During this period of time, the situation became more intense because on one side Balkans were entering into rivalries and on the other side Europeans came into the scene. Similarly the Vedic Manu and Yama derive from the Proto-Indo-European *Manu and *Yemo, from which also derive the Germanic Mannus and Ymir. Liberal middle classes comprising of both men and women started demanding a constitution with national unification. ", This page was last edited on 13 September 2022, at 11:25. The Treaty of Vienna was signed in Austria in 1815. He added that a new deal would happen only if Washington abandoned plans to place elements of a missile shield in Central Europe. Interview Treasury Provides You Free E-books, Topper's Strategy Interview Transcript Of Various Exams Like UPSC, RBI Grade B, NABARD, SEBI, SSC, IBPS, LIC at a single place. ii.It is a part of [emailprotected] Project (Azadi Ka AmritMahotsav), and is themed on Democracy (institutions, events, people, constitutional values past, present, future). Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. With the onset of the British Raj, the colonization of India by the British, there also started a Hindu Renaissance in the 19th century, which profoundly changed the understanding of Hinduism in both India and the west. [42][22] This synthesis emerged under the pressure of the success of Buddhism and Jainism.[43]. ii.This also includes health check-ups, for the insurers aged above 18 years and above on the start date of the policy, once during the policy year. A new British nation came into being which was largely dominated by the English Culture. Many of them were aimed to create nation-states and made it an important part of their freedom struggle. [188] It was distinguished from its Vedic Smarta roots by its popular base, its theological and sectarian pluralism, its Tantric veneer, and the central place of bhakti. St. Francis Xavier, in a 1545 letter to John III, requested for an Inquisition to be installed in Goa. Fighting scene between a beast and a man with horns, hooves and a tail, who has been compared to the Mesopotamian bull-man Enkidu. The painting shows men and women from different ages and social groups marching in a long queue and giving honor to the Statue of Liberty. [147][148] In some later texts, Northwest-India (which earlier texts consider as part of "Aryavarta") is even seen as "impure", probably due to invasions. A1- a) Giuseppe Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807. Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931, Second Round Table Conference, 1931. The Treaty of Vienna was signed in Austria in 1815. [191] The Puranic texts provided extensive genealogies which gave status to the new kshatriyas. Transport and Communication, Modern Industries, Land Revenue System, Social and Cultural Awakening in India, Hindu Reform Movements and Main Proponents. https://affairscloud.com/highlights-of-107th-indian-science-congress-held-in-bengaluru-karnataka/ Top. In January 1985, however, US Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko discussed a formula for a three-part negotiation strategy that included intermediate-range forces, strategic defense, and missile defense. What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed? START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the reduction and the limitation of strategic offensive arms. However, Time pointed out, "The Soviets' monstrous ICBMs have given them a nearly 3-to-1 advantage over the US in 'throw weight'the cumulative power to 'throw' megatons of death and destruction at the other nation. [1] The treaty barred its signatories from deploying more than 6,000 nuclear warheads and a total of 1,600 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and bombers. Rigveda is divided into 10 books. View The Congress of Vienna Guided Notesminedone.docx from HIS 2935 at Valencia College. Till now we have read about the revolution done by the peasants, weavers, and the poets or artists. As Time magazine put it, "Under Reagan's ceilings, the US would have to make considerably less of an adjustment in its strategic forces than would the Soviet Union. Ans: Australia. Ways past the statue of Liberty are the United States and Switzerland which were already nation- states by then. The peace and prosperity created under Gupta leadership enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors. In 1980, she was re-elected and served until her assassination in 1984. [222], Under the Abbasid caliphate, Baghdad had replaced Gundishapur as the most important centre of learning in the then vast Islamic Empire, wherein the traditions, as well as scholars of the latter, flourished. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games.
BYJU'S Muesse discerns a longer period of change, namely between 800 BCE and 200 BCE, which he calls the "Classical Period". The uniform laws, standardized weights and measures and a common national currency were welcomed by the businessmen and small-scale goods producers as this had facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another. https://affairscloud.com/current-affairs-january-3-2020/ iii.Currently, 632 projects are being built with Rs. Political Obligation, Meaning and Concept. Previous Years Question Papers of Entrance Examinations Of JNU/UOH/DU/Jamia & NET/SET etc.. Share your experience with us. The history of Hinduism covers a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent. According to one narrative, the empire's founders Harihara Raya I and Bukka Raya I were two brothers in the service of the Kampili chief. These reform movements are summarised under Hindu revivalism and continue into the present. Secretary-General RebecaGrynspan (first woman and Central American to serve as UNCTADs secretary-general)
Google Drive The Satya Nishtha app is the 1st of its kind in Himachal Pradesh and is exclusively created for crime control. [199][200][201][202] Gaudapda took over the Buddhist doctrines that ultimate reality is pure consciousness (vijapti-mtra)[203] and "that the nature of the world is the four-cornered negation". The Estates-General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. That is issues of Ans: 51 sub sectors
1000 General Knowledge Questions and Answers Prambanan in Java is a Hindu temple complex dedicated to Trimurti. For Example, the cloth was measured in Elle which was different in each region. While Rigvedic deva is variously applied to most gods, including many of the Asuras, the Devas are characterised as Younger Gods while Asuras are the Older Gods (prve dev). All of them had different languages and were from different ethnic groups. https://affairscloud.com/overview-of-pm-modis-2-day-visit-to-karnataka/, 18.Jan 12- national youth day is the birth anniversary of which person? Indias Unemployment Rate Falls to 6.43% in September 2022: CMIE Among its roots are the historical Vedic religion,[14][33] itself already the product of "a composite of the Indo-Aryan and Harappan cultures and civilizations",[34][note 7] which evolved into the Brahmanical religion and ideology of the Kuru Kingdom of Iron Age northern India; but also the Sramana[21] or renouncer traditions[14] of northeast India,[21] and mesolithic[35] and neolithic[36] cultures of India, such as the religions of the Indus Valley Civilisation,[37] Dravidian traditions,[38] and the local traditions[14] and tribal religions. How did these revolutionaries work for their right of liberty? "[190] Local chiefs and peasants were absorbed into the varna, which was used to keep "control over the new kshatriyas and shudras. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. As noted by Alain Danilou: From the time Muslims started arriving, around 632 AD, the history of India becomes a long, monotonous series of murders, massacres, spoliations, and destructions. 39.Which bank in partnership with First Hive, a cross-channel marketing platform, has launched SME Empower, an online marketplace catering exclusively to small and medium enterprises ? [93][138] New ascetic or sramana movements arose, which challenged established religious orthodoxy, such as Buddhism, Jainism and local popular cults. It is bounded by Germany on the north, by Bundeslnder Salzburg and Krnten (Carinthia) on the east, by Vorarlberg on the west, and by Italy on the south. "[44] The resulting Puranic Hinduism differed markedly from the earlier Brahmanism of the Dharmastras and the smritis. For this the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity among the French citizens. In those areas where aristocrats were still in a powerful position, peasants had to face the burden of feudal dues. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) was an Italian general and nationalist. The sojourn of Vivekananda to the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 had a lasting effect. This period saw the emergence of the Bhakti movement. Ans: Initially Rs.100 crore. [15] Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine became non-nuclear weapons states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968 and are committed to it under the 1992 Lisbon Protocol (Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms). They did not share any collective identity or a common culture. MD HarshaBangari Status: Covered The Programme combines studies in International Affairs, Area Politics, Political Theory, Comparative Politics and Economic Development which enable the graduates to
Tirol But they were not given suffrage rights during the election of the assembly. JSW Cement is one of the leading green cement companies of India. A4- the nationalist feelings started developing during 1800s among the middle class Germans. The verification regimes in arms control treaties contain many tools to enable them to hold parties accountable for their actions and violations of their treaty agreements. But before that we need to understand the composition of Europe that was divided into various kingdoms, the Dutchies and Cantons were ruled by those rulers who had their autonomous territories. 1500-1200 BCE. Asha[pronunciation?] [147][web 6][100][158][86][137] Between 500[12]200[22] BCE and c. 300 CE the "Hindu synthesis" developed,[12][22] which incorporated Sramanic and Buddhist influences[22][41] and the emerging Bhakti tradition into the Brahmanical fold via the smriti literature.
Google Mail Status: Covered (Current Static GK) Society), Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy (if time permits), Original texts: On Liberty by J. S. Mill; The Communist Manifesto by [44] With the breakdown of the Gupta empire, gifts of virgin waste-land were heaped on brahmanas,[49][189] to ensure profitable agrarian exploitation of land owned by the kings,[49] but also to provide status to the new ruling classes. [web 23] The majority of the Vietnamese Cham people also follow Hinduism, with the largest proportion in Ninh Thun Province. iv.The report warns that monetary and fiscal policy moves in advanced economies risk pushing the world towards global recession and prolonged stagnation which will be worse than the financial crisis in 2008 and the COVID-19 shock in 2020. This resulted in a series of wars that ended up with the beginning of the First World War. https://affairscloud.com/rbi-governor-launched-mani-app-for-visually-challenged-to-identify-currency-notes/ i.Anish Dayal Singhwasalso provided the additional charge by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) till the appointment and joining of the regular incumbent or until further orders whichever is earlier. Ans: Actress. It was an island that was inhabited by ethnic groups such as English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. [261] Tirumala abdicated in 1572, dividing the remains of his kingdom to his three sons, and pursued a religious life until his death in 1578. It's easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and 100% free! [314][315] The other nationalist organisations include Siva Senai (Sri Lanka), Nepal Shivsena, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, Hindu Prajatantrik Party, (Nepal) Bangabhumi (Bangladesh) and HINDRAF (Malaysia). Ans: up to Rs 1 crore. About SBI Foundation: However, during this time Buddhism was patronised by Ashoka, who ruled large parts of India, and Buddhism was also the mainstream religion until the Gupta period. Negotiator Signals Flexibility Toward Moscow Over New Round of Arms Talks", US and Russia agree nuclear cuts, accessed 16 July 2009, "Russia and U.S. Report Breakthrough on Arms", Ukraine awaiting reply to offer of Kyiv as venue for Russia-U.S. arms cuts deal signing, http://www.ciaonet.org/record/18773?search=1, START data for 1 January 2009 on state.gov, START data for 1 September 1990 on fas.org, Engineer Memoirs - Lieutenant General Edward L. Rowny, ambassador for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (START), Atomwaffen A-Z Glossareintrag zu START-I-Vertrag, Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, South Pacific Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty, United States Russia mutual detargeting, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=START_I&oldid=1110067070, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from July 2017, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Polen, Stuart.
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