[61] This is especially true for asymptomatic patients who have little if any nasal discharge. Tests are available that look for viral DNA using either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology. | Photo Credit: Reuters. [75], There is wide discrepancy among reports of rape and sexual assault. [51] Police arrested six men suspected of rape. [116] Fast track courts divert limited judicial resources and add delays to prosecution of other crimes. [118][119]Government officials argued that the contract of marriage presupposes consent to sex and that criminalising marital rape in turn would degrade family values in India. [183], The time course of infection affects the accuracy of some tests. Yunus' wife and family said Yunus had been ill and died a natural death. [41], In 1991, the 4 Rajputana Rifles unit are alleged to have entered the village of Kunan Poshpora and raped between 30 and 100 women aged between 13 and 70. [63] While some scientists doubt whether an antigen test can be useful against COVID-19,[62] others have argued that antigen tests are highly sensitive when viral load is high and people are contagious, making them suitable for public health screening. [163] A 2020 study found 79% of positive cases were found when used by laboratory scientists, but only 58% when used by the general public and 40% when used for city-wide screening in Liverpool.[165]. Rape is the fourth most common crime against women in India. [206][207], In January, contact tracers took action shortly after the first infection was found. [142] Romer pointed to single-molecule real-time sequencing equipment from Pacific Biosciences[141][143] and to the Ion Torrent Next-Generation Sequencing equipment from ThermoFisher Scientific. The researchers expect the resulting test to be cheap and easy to use in point-of-care settings. [22] The crime of sexual assault on a child, that is anyone below the age of eighteen, is further outlined and mandatory punishments described in The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012. [103] The case was widely covered after a member of Indian parliament Shantaram Laxman Naik blamed the victim and the media for over emphasising the Russian rape case after, "she was raped by a state politician in his car after they had dinner together". With rising economic growth and prosperity, Indias income is also rising rapidly. [76] IgG levels significantly decline after two or three months. The National Planning Committee, notes Suryanarayana, then defined goals in 1936 to alleviate poverty by setting targets in terms of nutrition (2400 to 2800 calories per adult worker), clothing (30 yards per capita per annum) and housing (100 sq. Hyderabad - 7.75 million people Photo credit: SNEHIT / Shutterstock.com. Testing data from 4 May to 12 May is missing because of the transition to the new reporting system SI-DEP. [92][94] Chest CT scans and chest x-rays are not recommended for diagnosing COVID-19. ", "ACR Recommendations for the use of Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) for Suspected COVID-19 Infection", "Challenges and optimization strategies in medical imaging service delivery during COVID-19", "Effectiveness of COVID-19 diagnosis and management tools: A review", "The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)", "Application of deep learning for fast detection of COVID-19 in X-Rays using nCOVnet", "Dutch corona blood test from Eindhoven goes international", "Bees in the Netherlands trained to detect COVID-19 infections", "Dogs can better detect Covid in humans than lateral flow tests, finds study", "Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by canine olfaction", "Dogs Sniff Out Coronavirus With High Accuracy", "Todos Medical Announces Positive Data in Hospitalized and Outpatient Setting for TolloTest, a Novel SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Biomarker Assay", "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Statistics and Research", "China releases genetic data on new coronavirus, now deadly", "GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data - from vision to reality", "A fiasco in the making? Among metropolitan cities, the national capital of Delhi continued to have the highest incidence of rape at 1,226 cases in 2021, while Jaipur had the highest rape rate (34 per 100,000 population). [139], Economist Paul Romer reported that the US has the technical capacity to scale up to 20million tests per day, which is his estimate of the scale needed to fully remobilize the economy. However, experts point out that this also indicates that taxes are being evaded and that there might be a difference in actual income of an individual compared to declared income. [162], The Innova SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Qualitative Test was never approved for use in the United States, but was being sold by the company anyway. ), Make sense of the news with our daily explainers on a range of topics. RDTs may process blood samples, saliva samples, or nasal swab fluids. [82][67] A non-neutralizing antibody either does not bind to the crucial structures on the virus surface or binds but leaves the virus particle infectious; the antibody may still contribute to the destruction of virus particles or infected cells by the immune system. [72] IgG antibodies generally become detectable 1014 days after infection and normally peak around 28 days after infection. Also, note that only data for returned income total income minus possible tax deductions is available. [56] SARS-CoV-2 antigens can be detected before onset of COVID-19 symptoms (as soon as SARS-CoV-2 virus particles) with more rapid test results, but with less sensitivity than PCR tests for the virus. If the victim is transgender, however, the rapist is punished by a maximum of two years in prison, as defined by the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019. Hence, the minimum sentence stipulated for this category of rape was set much lower than usual. If convicted, the minimum punishment is imprisonment for two years and imposition of a fine (Section 376B, IPC). While faster economic growth and the governments policy focus on healthcare schemes since 2005 have made a distinct improvement for India, there is still a long way to go. Countries around the world developed tests independently and in partnership with others. Furthermore, a rise in replacement sales in developed regions is also expected to drive the market demand. There are a large number of CT scanners in Japan and they have spread to small hospitals all over the country, so pneumonia patients are rarely missed. Blood from pipette is then placed onto a COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test device. ft per capita). [101] In a typical clinical setting, chest imaging is not advised for routine screening of COVID-19. [206] On 7 April, Japan declared a state of emergency, (less strict than a lockdown, because it did not block cities or restrict outings). The Emerging Middle Class In Developing Countries. On the other hand, the NNI of a country is equal to its GNI net of depreciation. [57], COVID-19 rapid antigen tests are lateral flow immunoassays that detect the presence of a specific viral antigen, which indicates current viral infection. This includes setting up the Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (CAPART) by the Ministry of Rural Development. [22], The new law has made it mandatory for all government and privately run hospitals in India to give free first aid and medical treatment to victims of rape. Note: Quintile represents 20% of a given population, Data Source: The number of those infected with coronavirus and inpatients has increased in July, but the number of serious cases has not increased. Patna (/ p t n , p t-/ Hindi: [pna] ()), historically known as Pataliputra, is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. The database is accessible only to the law enforcement agencies for investigation and monitoring purpose. Published on Oct 08, 2022 12:10 AM IST The ruling Telangana Rashtra Samiti (TRS) in Telangana has been rechristened as BRS, after the party decided to go national. [56] Isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests can process only one sample at a time per machine. [81][82], In April 2013, Judge Virender Bhat has suggested that the legal proposition of relying upon the sole attestation of the victim became "an easy weapon" to incriminate anyone in rape case. There is an urgent need to strengthen the agriculture sector in India, bring about reforms in labour laws, and provide education.[28]. Public health doctors were mainly dispatched to public health centers and life treatment centers where mildly ill patients were accommodated. [197], One study reported that the ID Now COVID-19 test showed sensitivity of 85.2%. [83] Justice Kailash Ghambhir of the Delhi High Court stated that penal provisions for rape are often being misused by women as a "weapon for vengeance and vendetta" to harass and blackmail their male friends by filing false cases to extort money and to force them get married. [99] Tourist arrivals in 2014 observed another 10% increase over 2013 levels. [36] Marital rape is not a criminal act in India[37] though sexual intercourse with wife aged between 15 and 18 years is considered as rape. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Patna had a population of 2.35 million, making it the 19th largest city in India. Computerized tomography scans involve looking at 3D images from various angles. Since 5% of the subjects actually are positive, another five would also test positive correctly, totaling 10 positive results. This may increase to a life sentence or even a death sentence depending on the circumstances and details of the crime. Percentage share in total national household disposable income by Class (2016)[29], Distribution of Annual Household Income in India (in pounds/annum)[30]. Tests that look for the viral antigens (parts of the virus) are called antigen tests. RT-PCR tests are accurate but require too much time, energy and trained personnel to run the tests. In the second week, sputum or deep airways collection is preferred. [122] Independent Thought, a non-governmental organisation, in a petition in 2013, had challenged Exception 2. On an adjusted basis and using the dollar exchange rate on the last day of the relevant quarter, the size of the Indian economy in nominal cash terms in the quarter through March was $854.7 billion. In the 1980s, women's rights groups lobbied formarital rapeto be declared unlawful. [72][73] Following the rise of rapes by the Indian armed forces and militants, HRW has submitted that the victims of rape suffer ostracism and there is a "code of silence and fear" that prevents people from reporting such abuse. Ricketts provides update on coronavirus testing", "Wuhan tested millions of people for COVID-19 in just days. Oct 30 2022, 23:26 ist; updated: Oct 31 2022, 13:22 ist Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The European nation said that it barred the flights from the UAE due to growing suspicion of irregularities in the testing process being followed in the Gulf nation. It can be deployed in laboratories or at point of care and gives results in 15 minutes. [47][48], On 4 January 2021, the US FDA issued an alert about the risk of false results, particularly false negative results, with the Curative SARS-Cov-2 Assay real-time RT-PCR test. [55], An antigen is the part of a pathogen that elicits an immune response. The above definition excluded marital rape, same sex crimes and considered all sex with a minor below the age of sixteen as rape. It has become the preferred method.[26][27]. Data | What preliminary data tells us about the Omicron surge in the U.K. Data | Despite higher passenger count in November, aviation sector yet to come out of woods. Corruption in India is an issue which affects economy of central, state and local government agencies in many ways. For example, according to the People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), the majority of those assaulted in 2007 were poor women from remote areas and Dalits. ", "Mount Sinai Emergency Use Authorization", "The variability of the serological response to SARS-corona virus-2: Potential resolution of ambiguity through determination of avidity (functional affinity)", "Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A comprehensive review of the FDA-EUA COVID-19 testing landscape", "Will antibody tests for the coronavirus really change everything? [106] Section 164A of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with the medical examination of the victim. It is time to criminalise adult marital rape too", "Same-sex attraction is OK, boys can cry, girl's no means no", "Homosexual attraction is OK; 'NO' means no: Health Ministry rises above Indian stereotypes", Video lecture on Rape in India: "Understanding Consent", Delhi tops with more than double rape cases in 2013, "The situation of women and gender-specific violence in India", 2020 Patna-Bhabua Intercity Express gang rape, Violence against women during the partition of India, Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rape_in_India&oldid=1118213534, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal in time for 2019, data furnished for 2018 has been used, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 19:10. [89] Because various conditions can lead to the loss of the sense of smell, a sniff test would not be definitive but indicate the need for a PCR test. The result is luminescent. [202], Iceland managed the pandemic with aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, but with less aggressive lock-downs. [138], Required testing levels are a function of disease spread. An ultrasound is a type of imaging exam that produces images using sound waves. [96] Computerized tomography has been a known routine scanning for pneumonia diagnosis, therefore can also be used to diagnose coronavirus disease. [78], Most if not all large scale COVID-19 antibody testing looks for binding antibodies only and does not measure the more important neutralizing antibodies (NAb). Income in India discusses the financial state in India. [61][62] In 2018, the alleged victim's father was jailed under the Arms Act, and died in prison after being allegedly beaten up by Sengar's brother and several others. [10] These groups, as well as the World Bank, estimated in their 2011 reports that if India's economy continues to grow per projections, India's middle income group would double by 2015 over 2010 levels, and grow by an additional 500 million people by 2025. [15], Antigen tests that can identify SARS-CoV-2 offer a faster and less expensive method to test for the virus. A study conducted by Transparency International in 2005 recorded that more than 62% of Indians had at some point or another paid a bribe to a public official to get a job done. The Indian economy of this period is characterised as Dirigism. "[76] Darapuri allegations do not match with the data compiled by National Crime Records Bureau of India, which found 6.7% of rape and sexual assault victims were Dalits in 2007, where nearly 16% of Indian population is classified as Dalit. [222][223][224], On 27 April 2020, Russia tested 3million people and had 183,000 positive results. [120] All religious personal laws and the secular law governing marriage and divorce in India deem cruelty by one spouse to the other to be a ground for divorce. It is one of the most urbanised of Indian States. [255], A shortage of trained medical laboratory scientists, assay reagents, analyzers, transport medium, and PPE coupled with high demand had limited initially limited the availability of testing and led to significantly increased turnaround times. [52], In August 2013, a 22-year-old photojournalist, who was interning with an English-language magazine in Mumbai, was gang-raped by five persons, including a juvenile, when she had gone to the deserted Shakti Mills compound, near Mahalaxmi in South Mumbai, with a male colleague on an assignment. They performed PCR tests and managed mild patients. [90] Health care bureaucracies have generally ignored sniff tests even though they are quick, easy and capable of being self-administered daily. Social service agents worked in pharmacies to fill staff shortages. [15], Antigen tests may be one way to scale up testing to much greater levels. total: 3.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) In 1949, only 7 percent of those ages 1564 had completed primary school in China. Indian states and union territories by NSDP (Net state domestic product) per capita, This article is about NSDP per capita. Net income of an individual is the sum total of various income sources salary, business, property, interest on loans etc. ", "Your Coronavirus Test Is Positive. The 2022 annual Report on the Condition of Education conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) for the U.S. Department of Education indicates that, during 2019 to 2020, there was a 13% decrease in enrollment for eligible students aged 75,000 for rural and urban areas respectively. [120], This exception has restricted application when the wife has been living separately from the husband, with or without a decree of judicial separation. [9] The willingness to report rapes have increased in recent years, after several incidents received widespread media attention and triggered local and nationwide public protests. The arrests of the accused led to protests from groups, one of which was attended by two ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party, both of whom have now resigned. This machine is typically more available than polymerase chain reaction and computerized tomography scans. [150] Studies show that wastewater-based epidemiology has the potential for an early warning system and monitoring for COVID-19 infections.